stdin, stderr, stdout

1. stdin

• File descriptor 0

2. stdout

• File descriptor 1

3. stderr

• File descriptor 2

4. &>

• Bash-specific shortcut: indicates redirection for both stdout and stderr

command &> file.txt # bash specific
command > file.txt 2>&1 

• Both commands redirects both stdout and stderr from command to the file.txt file

  • The first command uses the bash-specific &> redirection operator

  • For other shell (eg. zsh, dash etc.) we have to use the more formal syntax indicated in the second line

  Note that > can be replaced with 1> too